An abscess is a collection of pus. Pus is a thick fluid that ussually contains whte blood cells, dead tissue and bacteria (germs) The usual cuase of an abscess is an infection with bacteria.

Periapical abscess:

This type of abscess starts in the dental pulp (centre of the tooth). This is the most common type. This type of abscess usually develops as a complication of tooth decay (caries). Dental decay is very common and erodes (damages and breaks down) the protective layers of the tooth (the enamel and dentine). The damage to the tooth allows bacteria to invade the pulp to cause an infection.

Periodontal abscess

This type of abscess starts in the supporting structures of the teeth such as the periodontium which is between the tooth and the gum. It most commonly develops as a complication of gum disease (periodontal disease) which is infection or inflammation of the tissues that surround the teeth. Gum disease often causes the gum to become slightly detached from the tooth. This causes 'pockets' to form which may get filled with bacteria and progress to form an abscess.

Can a dental abscess be prevented?

Most dental abscesses are preventable as most are a complication of tooth decay or gum disease - both of which can be prevented by good oral hygiene. Briefly, this means regular tooth brushing and flossing. Other things that may help include: mouthwashes, tongue cleaning, eating a healthy diet which includes limiting sugary drinks and foods. If you smoke, stopping smoking will improve oral hygiene. Have a dental check up at least once a year.